Saturday, August 29, 2015

Grand Sand Dunes-1

大沙丘国家公园

Wiki上的中文介绍相当的简练

大沙丘国家公园(Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve)是美国的一座国家公园,位于科罗拉多州萨沃奇县和阿拉莫萨县的最西边,于2004年9月13日被美国国会列入国家公园,总计面积约为85,000英亩(340平方公里)。

英文的介绍要详细一些

The park contains the tallest sand dunes in North America, rising to a maximum height of 750 feet (229 m)[4] from the floor of the San Luis Valley on the western base of the Sangre de Cristo Range, covering about 19,000 acres (7,700 ha). Researchers say that the dunes started forming less than 440,000 years ago.

The dunes were formed from sand and soil deposits of the Rio Grande and its tributaries, flowing through the San Luis Valley. Over the ages, glaciers feeding the river and the vast lake that existed upon the valley melted, and the waters evaporated. Westerly winds picked up sand particles from the lake and river flood plain. As the wind lost power before crossing the Sangre de Cristo Range, the sand was deposited on the east edge of the valley. This process continues, and the dunes are slowly growing. The wind changes the shape of the dunes daily.[5]

There are several streams flowing on the perimeter of the dunes. The streams erode the edge of the dune field, and sand is carried downstream. The water disappears into the ground, depositing sand on the surface. Winds pick up the deposits of sand, and blow them up onto the dune field once again.

Digging a couple inches into the dunes even at their peaks reveals wet sand. Part of the motivation of turning the Monument into a National Park was the extra protection of the water, which Colorado's cities and agriculture covet.

It is very easy to experience the dune-building process. This is a very windy region, as hikers on the Sand Dunes will attest, as on many days they will be pelted by sand and even small rocks when hiking on the dunes. The wind carries sand and rocks from many miles away. While the dunes don't change location or size that often, there are still parabolic dunes that start in the sand sheet, the outer area around the dunes, and migrate towards the main dune field. Sometimes they join the main dune field, and sometimes they will get covered with grass and vegetation and remain where they are. The dunes are relatively stable; however, their morphology changes slightly with the seasons. The direction of the wind greatly affects the dune type. The winds normally go from southwest to northeast; however, during the late summer months, the wind direction reverses causing reversing dunes. This wind regime is part of the reason why the dunes are so tall.

The dunes contain areas of black sand which are deposits of magnetite, a crystalline black oxide of iron.

  这个国家公园在科州的南部,因为买了个全美国家公园的年卡,所以就希望把周边的国家公园转个遍。Google之下发现这个离我们不算太远的国家公园,这也是从黄石回来之后休息过来做一次比较快的旅行计划,这个 公园有几个明显的特点比较吸引人,一是有着北美最高的沙丘,之前去过敦煌的鸣沙山,对沙漠、沙丘的印象还是很深的,那种广袤与荒凉是其实的地方所没有的。二是这个大沙丘国 家公园里还有条小河,水不深,大概到成人的膝盖,正适合小妞同学玩耍,据说八月份的水温很合适,所以这个国家公园就列入了我们的计划范围之内。官方网站在这里 https://www.nps.gov/grsa/index.htm 。

  七月底才研究了一下这个公园,发现它还很受欢迎,这个公园特别适合露营,从同事那里借了帐篷、气垫床,然后约到了八月底的露营位置。这还是抓紧时间,如果动作稍微慢一点,就得九月份了,那时候晚上就要凉一些了。在北京生活了十多年,北京的早晚温差并不大,所以感觉一天下来都是热乎乎的,即使到了九月份,气温也不底,熟话说秋老虎嘛!可科州不一样,科州的西侧是著名的活期山脉,高的地方有海拨三千多米,对气候的影响也十分的明显,因为山脉的东侧早晚温差比较明显,九月份的夜晚还是有些凉的。

  从家到大沙丘大概需要六个小时的车程,我们没有特别早的出发,因为到的太早,天气还有些热,所以我们基本上睡到自然醒,然后从容的吃饭,出发。我们去了沙丘附近 的一个小镇租了一个滑沙板,然后到公园找到我们预定的露营地点,搭好帐篷,我们就可以开始玩儿了。

沙丘外的景色很不错。


搭好了帐篷,小妞同学很兴奋,旁边的大铁箱子是防熊的箱子,用来装食物的。
 





阳光还有些强烈。


满满的脚印。


 

妞妈和我们的滑沙板。

 

   

看看我们的影子,就知道沙丘有多高了。


 

 

沙丘的那一侧就是翠绿的山,变化相当的明显。





  

  


  
 
 

 

装做高瞻远瞩的样子。



 


 
 

 

  

 
  







 

太阳落山的速度很快,没多久沙丘的这边已经没有阳光了,只有脚下的沙子还有落日前的余温。




  



 

沙丘里照相最挑战的事情是如何保护好相机,沙子粒很细小,也很容易粘到相机和镜头上。

  我们玩了滑沙板,这个东西玩起来并不象我们想象的那么简单,背着滑沙板上坡,坐上去,然后滑下来。这样是根本滑不动的,想滑的顺溜就需要一种腊,每次都要把腊涂到滑沙板的底面上,然后才能滑下去,我们拿的这种腊还挺硬,是需要些力气涂上去的。最累的事情是带着滑沙板爬上山坡,倒不是滑沙板有多沉而是沙丘很不好爬,虽然滑下去的时候很刺激,但爬上来真是一件头疼的事儿。小妞同学滑沙的过程很是有意思,刚开始胆小,到了山坡上不敢下去,所以妞爸不得不陪着妞一起下去,当小妞发现这个过程很刺激很好玩儿时,就张罗着再来一次,再来一次!因为体重的原因,小妞太重,所以滑下去的速度很慢,一点儿也不刺激,因些小妞强烈要求跟爸爸一起滑。正当我们高兴的从一个高的山坡滑下来的时候,我们没控制好滑沙板,沙板翻了,那时妞爸本能的第一反应是抱住小妞,我们两人从高处滑下的速度可想而知,沙板早于我们飞了下去,妞爸抱着小妞翻了两个跟头才停下来,还好,有惊无险,我们都没有受伤。


  晚上回来,我们在帐篷外点燃了篝火,夜凉之后我们才准备进入帐篷休息。休息之前,拍了不少夜景,开高了ISO,把夜景拍的跟白天似的,如果不是天上的星星,很难相信这是夜晚。没能拍到银河,但拍到了北斗七星,很明显的挂在北方的天空上。

  体重差距比较大的几个人睡气垫床是有挑战的,妞睡在中间,妞爸妈睡于两侧,因为妞爸比较重,所以妞爸一侧就比较低,妞就滑向妞爸这边,这一晚妞爸都不敢翻身。



 




 

No comments:

Post a Comment